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                <h2 id="一、表达式"><a href="#一、表达式" class="headerlink" title="一、表达式"></a>一、表达式</h2><h4 id="1-基本值"><a href="#1-基本值" class="headerlink" title="1. 基本值"></a>1. 基本值</h4><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>类型</th>
<th>描述</th>
<th>示例</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>整数</td>
<td>没有小数部分的数字</td>
<td>42</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>浮点</td>
<td>有小数部分的数字</td>
<td>42.5、4.25e-2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>复数</td>
<td>实数和虚数的和</td>
<td>38+4j</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>字符串</td>
<td>不可修改的字符序列</td>
<td>‘foo’、”bar”、’’’baz’’、r’\n’</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h4 id="2-运算符"><a href="#2-运算符" class="headerlink" title="2.运算符"></a>2.运算符</h4><h6 id="算数运算符"><a href="#算数运算符" class="headerlink" title="算数运算符"></a>算数运算符</h6><blockquote>
<p>假设a=10，b=20</p>
</blockquote>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>运算符</th>
<th>描述</th>
<th>示例</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>+</td>
<td>两个对象相加</td>
<td>a + b 输出结果 30</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-</td>
<td>得到负数或是一个数减去另一个数</td>
<td>a - b 输出结果 -10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>*</td>
<td>两个数相乘或是返回一个被重复若干次的字符串</td>
<td>a * b 输出结果 200</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>/</td>
<td>x除以y</td>
<td>b / a 输出结果 2（整数除整数，只能得整数，要求小数需要将其中一个改为浮点数）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>%</td>
<td>返回除法的余数</td>
<td>b % a 输出结果 0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>**</td>
<td>返回x的y次幂</td>
<td>a**b 为10的20次方， 输出结果 100000000000000000000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>//</td>
<td>取整除</td>
<td>返回商的整数部分,9//2 输出结果 4 , 9.0//2.0输出结果 4.0</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h6 id="比较运算符"><a href="#比较运算符" class="headerlink" title="比较运算符"></a>比较运算符</h6><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>运算符</th>
<th>描述</th>
<th>示例</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>==</td>
<td>比较对象是否相等</td>
<td>(a == b) 返回 False。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>!=</td>
<td>比较两个对象是否不相等</td>
<td>(a != b) 返回 true.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&lt;&gt;</td>
<td>比较两个对象是否不相等</td>
<td>(a &lt;&gt; b) 返回 true。这个运算符类似 != 。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&gt;</td>
<td>返回x是否大于y</td>
<td>(a &gt; b) 返回 False。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&lt;</td>
<td>返回x是否小于y</td>
<td>(a &lt; b) 返回 true。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&gt;=</td>
<td>大于等于 - 返回x是否大于等于y。</td>
<td>(a &gt;= b) 返回 False。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&lt;=</td>
<td>小于等于 - 返回x是否小于等于y。</td>
<td>(a &lt;= b) 返回 true。</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<blockquote>
<p>所有比较运算符返回1表示真，返回0表示假。这分别与特殊的变量True和False等价。注意，这些变量名的大小写。</p>
</blockquote>
<h6 id="赋值运算符"><a href="#赋值运算符" class="headerlink" title="赋值运算符"></a>赋值运算符</h6><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>运算符</th>
<th>描述</th>
<th>实例</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>=</td>
<td>简单的赋值运算符</td>
<td>c = a + b 将 a + b的运算结果赋值为 c</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>+=</td>
<td>加法赋值运算符</td>
<td>c += a 等效于 c = c + a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>-=</td>
<td>减法赋值运算符</td>
<td>c -= a 等效于 c = c - a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>*=</td>
<td>乘法赋值运算符</td>
<td>c *= a 等效于 c = c * a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>/=</td>
<td>除法赋值运算符</td>
<td>c /= a 等效于 c = c / a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>%=</td>
<td>取模赋值运算符</td>
<td>c %= a 等效于 c = c % a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>**=</td>
<td>幂赋值运算符</td>
<td>c * *= a 等效于 c = c ** a</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>//=</td>
<td>取整除赋值运算符</td>
<td>c //= a 等效于 c = c // a</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h6 id="位运算符"><a href="#位运算符" class="headerlink" title="位运算符"></a>位运算符</h6><blockquote>
<p>按位运算符是把数字看作二进制来进行计算的。Python中的按位运算法则如下：</p>
</blockquote>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>运算符</th>
<th>描述</th>
<th>实例</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>&amp;</td>
<td>按位与运算符：参与运算的两个值,如果两个相应位都为1,则该位的结果为1,否则为0</td>
<td>(a &amp; b) 输出结果 12，二进制解释： 0000 1100</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>|</td>
<td>按位或运算符：只要对应的二个二进位有一个为1时，结果位就为1。</td>
<td>（a|b)输出结果 61，二进制解释： 0011 1101</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>^</td>
<td>按位异或运算符：当两对应的二进位相异时，结果为1</td>
<td>(a ^ b) 输出结果 49，二进制解释： 0011 0001</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>~</td>
<td>按位取反运算符：对数据的每个二进制位取反,即把1变为0,把0变为1 。~x 类似于 -x-1</td>
<td>(~a ) 输出结果 -61，二进制解释： 1100 0011，在一个有符号二进制数的补码形式。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&lt;&lt;</td>
<td>左移动运算符：运算数的各二进位全部左移若干位，由”&lt;&lt;”右边的数指定移动的位数，高位丢弃，低位补0。</td>
<td>a &lt;&lt; 2 输出结果 240，二进制解释： 1111 0000</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&gt;&gt;</td>
<td>右移动运算符：把”&gt;&gt;”左边的运算数的各二进位全部右移若干位，”&gt;&gt;”右边的数指定移动的位数</td>
<td>a &gt;&gt; 2 输出结果 15，二进制解释： 0000 1111</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h6 id="逻辑运算符"><a href="#逻辑运算符" class="headerlink" title="逻辑运算符"></a>逻辑运算符</h6><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>运算符</th>
<th>逻辑表达式</th>
<th>描述</th>
<th>实例</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>and</td>
<td>x and y</td>
<td>布尔”与” - 如果 x 为 False，x and y 返回 False，否则它返回 y 的计算值。</td>
<td>(a and b) 返回 20。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>or</td>
<td>x or y</td>
<td>布尔”或” - 如果 x 是非 0，它返回 x 的值，否则它返回 y 的计算值。</td>
<td>(a or b) 返回 10。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>not</td>
<td>not x</td>
<td>布尔”非” - 如果 x 为 True，返回 False 。如果 x 为 False，它返回 True。</td>
<td>not(a and b) 返回 False</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h6 id="成员运算符"><a href="#成员运算符" class="headerlink" title="成员运算符"></a>成员运算符</h6><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>运算符</th>
<th>描述</th>
<th>实例</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>in</td>
<td>如果在指定的序列中找到值返回 True，否则返回 False。</td>
<td>x 在 y序列中 , 如果 x 在 y 序列中返回 True。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>not in</td>
<td>如果在指定的序列中没有找到值返回 True，否则返回 False。</td>
<td>x 不在 y序列中 , 如果 x 不在 y 序列中返回 True。</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h6 id="身份运算符（判断引用的对象"><a href="#身份运算符（判断引用的对象" class="headerlink" title="身份运算符（判断引用的对象)"></a>身份运算符（判断引用的对象)</h6><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>运算符</th>
<th>描述</th>
<th>实例</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>is</td>
<td>is 是判断两个标识符是不是引用自一个对象</td>
<td>x is y,类似 id(x) == id(y) , 如果引用的是同一个对象则返回 True，否则返回 False</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>is not</td>
<td>is not 是判断两个标识符是不是引用自不同对象</td>
<td>x is not y ， 类似 id(a) != id(b)。如果引用的不是同一个对象则返回结果 True，否则返回 False。</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<ul>
<li>is与==的区别:</li>
</ul>
<p>==判断两者是否完全相等，而is判断两个对象引用的对象是否是同一个。</p>
<h6 id="运算符优先级"><a href="#运算符优先级" class="headerlink" title="运算符优先级"></a>运算符优先级</h6><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>运算符</th>
<th>描述</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>**</td>
<td>指数 (最高优先级)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>~ + -</td>
<td>按位翻转, 一元加号和减号 (最后两个的方法名为 +@ 和 -@)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>* / % //</td>
<td>乘，除，取模和取整除</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>+ -</td>
<td>加法减法</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&gt;&gt; &lt;&lt;</td>
<td>右移，左移运算符</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&amp;</td>
<td>位 ‘AND’</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>^ |</td>
<td>位运算符</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&lt;= &lt; &gt; &gt;=</td>
<td>比较运算符</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&lt;&gt; == !=</td>
<td>等于运算符</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>= %= /= //= -= += *= **=</td>
<td>赋值运算符</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>is is not</td>
<td>身份运算符</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>in not in</td>
<td>成员运算符</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>not or and</td>
<td>逻辑运算符</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h4 id="3-其他"><a href="#3-其他" class="headerlink" title="3.其他"></a>3.其他</h4><h6 id="三元操作符"><a href="#三元操作符" class="headerlink" title="三元操作符"></a>三元操作符</h6><ul>
<li>语法：a=x if 条件 else y</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>条件为真a赋值为x，条件为假a赋值为y</p>
</blockquote>
<h6 id="lambda表达式"><a href="#lambda表达式" class="headerlink" title="lambda表达式"></a>lambda表达式</h6><pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none"># 用一个语句来定义一个Sum函数

sum = lambda arg1, arg2: arg1+ arg2;<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>


<h2 id="二、语句"><a href="#二、语句" class="headerlink" title="二、语句"></a>二、语句</h2><h4 id="1-简单语句"><a href="#1-简单语句" class="headerlink" title="1.简单语句"></a>1.简单语句</h4><h6 id="表达式语句"><a href="#表达式语句" class="headerlink" title="表达式语句"></a>表达式语句</h6><ul>
<li>表达式本身可以作为语句</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">"The moduls"<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>


<h6 id="断言语句"><a href="#断言语句" class="headerlink" title="断言语句"></a>断言语句</h6><ul>
<li>断言语句检查条件是否满足，如果不满足，就引发AssertionError异常</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">assert age &gt;=12,'age is not allow'<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="赋值语句"><a href="#赋值语句" class="headerlink" title="赋值语句"></a>赋值语句</h6><ul>
<li>赋值语句将变量与值关联起来</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">#简单赋值
a = 42
#序列解包
name,age='Mark',60
#链式赋值
x=y=z=10<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="增强语句"><a href="#增强语句" class="headerlink" title="增强语句"></a>增强语句</h6><ul>
<li>可以使用运算符来增强赋值</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">x *= 2
x += 5<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="pass语句"><a href="#pass语句" class="headerlink" title="pass语句"></a>pass语句</h6><ul>
<li>pass语句不执行任何操作，可以作为展位符。在特别的时候用来保证格式或是语义的完整性</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">def name():
		pass<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="del语句"><a href="#del语句" class="headerlink" title="del语句"></a>del语句</h6><ul>
<li>解除变量和属性和值的关联，以及数据结构的一部分删除。不能直接删除值</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">del x
del seq[42]<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="return语句"><a href="#return语句" class="headerlink" title="return语句"></a>return语句</h6><ul>
<li>结束函数的执行并且返回一个值，没有指定值返回None</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">return 42<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="yield语句"><a href="#yield语句" class="headerlink" title="yield语句"></a>yield语句</h6><ul>
<li>暂停执行生成器，并且返回一个值</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">yield 42<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="raise语句"><a href="#raise语句" class="headerlink" title="raise语句"></a>raise语句</h6><ul>
<li>引发异常</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">raise #只可以用于except子句中
raise IndexError
raise IndexError,'index out'
raise IndexError('index out')<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="break语句"><a href="#break语句" class="headerlink" title="break语句"></a>break语句</h6><ul>
<li>结束它所在的循环</li>
</ul>
<h6 id="continue语句"><a href="#continue语句" class="headerlink" title="continue语句"></a>continue语句</h6><ul>
<li>结束当前迭代，跳到下一次迭代的开头</li>
</ul>
<h6 id="import语句"><a href="#import语句" class="headerlink" title="import语句"></a>import语句</h6><ul>
<li>用于导入外部模块</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">import math
from math import sqrt
from math import sqrt as squareroot
form math import *<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="global语句"><a href="#global语句" class="headerlink" title="global语句"></a>global语句</h6><ul>
<li>用以将变量标记为全局的</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">count = 1
deg inc():
    global count;
    count +=1<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="nonlocal语句"><a href="#nonlocal语句" class="headerlink" title="nonlocal语句"></a>nonlocal语句</h6><ul>
<li>内部函数引用外部函数，需要用nonlocal标记</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">def makeinc():
    count = 1
    def inc():
        nonlocal count
        count +=1
    return inc <span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h4 id="2-复合语句"><a href="#2-复合语句" class="headerlink" title="2.复合语句"></a>2.复合语句</h4><h6 id="if语句"><a href="#if语句" class="headerlink" title="if语句"></a>if语句</h6><pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">x = 50 
if x&lt;10:
    print("less than ten")
elif 10&lt;=x&lt;=20:
    print("less than twenty")
else:
    print("twenty or more")<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="while语句"><a href="#while语句" class="headerlink" title="while语句"></a>while语句</h6><pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">x = 1
while x&lt;100:
    x *= 2
print(x)<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="for语句"><a href="#for语句" class="headerlink" title="for语句"></a>for语句</h6><pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">for i in range(10,0,-1):
    print(i)
print("end")<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="try语句"><a href="#try语句" class="headerlink" title="try语句"></a>try语句</h6><pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">try:
    1/0
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("1")
finally:
    print("2")<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="with语句"><a href="#with语句" class="headerlink" title="with语句"></a>with语句</h6><ul>
<li>包装上下文管理器的代码块,不用关闭</li>
</ul>
<pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">with open("test.txt") as myfile:
    dosomething(myfile)
#到这里时文件已经关闭<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="函数定义"><a href="#函数定义" class="headerlink" title="函数定义"></a>函数定义</h6><pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">def doble(x)
    return x * 2<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h6 id="类定义"><a href="#类定义" class="headerlink" title="类定义"></a>类定义</h6><pre class="line-numbers language-none"><code class="language-none">class Doubler:
    def __init-_(self,value):
        self.value = vlaue
    def double(self)
        self.value *=2<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

                
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